Four parallel insulated metal-hydride pipes mounted in a blue laboratory test frame with valves and gauges.

METAL-HYDRIDE COMPRESSIONHOT + COLD WATERREAL FOUR-PIPE SETUP

Current physical hardwareBelongs to Hystore Tech LimitedParticipant Identification Code (PIC): 900935225

Historical prototype provenanceHYSTORE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITEDSeparate legal entity associated with ATLAS-H2 and ATLAS-MHC

Digital twinBelongs to KYAMOSInteractive software and visualisation

Hydrogen compressed by heat

We compress hydrogen with hot and cold water and metal hydrides.

Cold water helps the metal hydride absorb hydrogen at lower pressure. Hot water then heats the alloy and makes it release that hydrogen at a higher pressure. Four pipes repeat the process without a gas-contacting piston.

See the two presentation images ↓Explore the 3D assembly ↓See the equations

Cold waterAbsorb H₂lower pressure

Metal hydride

Hot waterRelease H₂higher pressure

PUBLISHED PRESENTATION IMAGESFULL RESOLUTION

The two compressor visuals

Explore a labelled hydride-pipe cutaway and a four-pipe compressor system rendering. Select either image to inspect the original at full resolution.

Current physical hardwareHystore Tech LimitedParticipant Identification Code (PIC): 900935225

Historical prototype provenanceHYSTORE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITEDSeparate legal entity associated with ATLAS-H2 and ATLAS-MHC

Digital twin and visualisationKYAMOSInteractive engineering presentation views

Rendered cutaway of a concentric metal-hydride pipe with the hot and cold water annulus, steel wall and porous hydride bed labelled. — **Concentric hydride pipe cutaway**Hardware: Hystore Tech Limited · Historical prototype provenance: HYSTORE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED · Digital twin visualisation: KYAMOS

Rendered four-pipe metal-hydride compressor system with gauges, valves and a labelled pipe cutaway inset. — **Four-pipe compressor system**Hardware: Hystore Tech Limited · Historical prototype provenance: HYSTORE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED · Digital twin visualisation: KYAMOS

Thermal Processing Steps

01COLD WATER

Cool and absorb

Cold water carries away the heat of absorption. Hydrogen enters the open pore space and is taken into the metal-hydride alloy at lower pressure.

02HYDROGEN HELD

Store it in the metal

The hydrogen is held inside the alloy rather than simply squeezed into an empty tube. The pipe is isolated before the temperature swing.

03HOT WATER

Heat and raise pressure

Hot water adds heat through the steel wall. As the hydride warms, its equilibrium pressure rises and it is ready to release hydrogen.

04HIGHER PRESSURE

Release and repeat

Hydrogen leaves at higher pressure when the receiving side is ready. The bed then cools and returns to its absorbing state for the next cycle.

Hot / cold water annulus

Steel wall

Porous hydride bed

Bed contents · H₂ + alloy + pore space

Gas pressureMetal loadingTemperature

Governing model architecture

Five balances, one connected picture

These equations define the coupled target model. The complete four-pipe facility model is still being integrated and validated.

Gas hydrogen

\frac{\partial (ε ρ_{g})}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (ρ_{g} u_{D}) = - {\dot{m}}_{r}

Gas leaves the pore space when the alloy absorbs it.

Hydrogen stored in metal

\frac{\partial (ρ_{M, b} w)}{\partial t} = {\dot{m}}_{r}

The same mass appears inside the metal, so hydrogen cannot silently vanish.

Flow through the porous bed

- \nabla p + ρ_{g} g = μ K^{- 1} u_{D} + β_{F} ρ_{g} | u_{D} | u_{D}

Pressure drives hydrogen through a bed that resists the flow.

Material equilibrium

\ln (\frac{f_{equilibrium}}{f^{°}}) = A_{b} (w) + \frac{B_{b} (w)}{T}

Temperature and loading set the pressure at which the hydride absorbs or releases.

Conservative bed energy

\frac{\partial E_{bed}}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (ρ_{g} h_{g} u_{D}) = \nabla \cdot (k_{eff} \nabla T) + q^{‴}

Heat carried by hydrogen, heat conduction and stored chemical energy stay in one balance.

Numerical resolution

Fine detail where the physics changes fastest

The planned 3D solver uses nested 2:1 refinement: each refined level halves the cell width around ports, walls and steep pressure, temperature or reaction fronts while calmer regions stay coarser.

Hydrogen transport

HLLC flux · fifth-order WENO reconstruction · third-order SSP-RK time stepping

Water and heat

LB-MRT lattice flow · conjugate wall heat transfer · conditional turbulence model

A production compressor cell size is not yet frozen. It will be selected only after mesh-convergence tests. The reported grids are controlled component tests, not a claimed six-metre pipe resolution.

Confirmed numerical foundation

302/302controlled checks passed

✓WENO refinement tested at 16, 32, 64 and 128 points
✓Riemann cases exercised on a 256 × 8 × 8 grid
✓Exact one/four-graphics-processor comparison at 48 × 32 × 12
✓Decreasing-Mach checks on 16³ grids

What this does not prove

These are ideal-gas transport-component checks. Real-hydrogen porous flow, exact hydride kinetics, water/wall coupling, valves and reactive refinement have not yet passed together as one validated four-pipe compressor or facility prediction.

Illustrative cycleNot live plant dataNo plant connection

Rotate the four-pipe assembly in 3D.

Drag to inspect the pipes, valves, gauges and headers. Select any item to turn it yellow and see what it does, then follow the illustrative pressure cycle below.

Cycle position0%

YAML-defined equipment view

Four pipes, valves, gauges and water headers

Drag to rotate · pinch or wheel to zoom · choose any item to highlight it in yellow.

Glowing H₂ markers move and change from blue to amber with the illustrative cycle; their speed is explanatory, not measured gas velocity.

Reference routing · not as-built

Checking 3D support…

Selected · yellow in 3DReported dimensions

Hydride pipes

Pipe 1

A 6000 mm reference pipe assembly with an inner SS316L hydrogen pressure tube and an outer SS316L water jacket. Position A and LN603-2A are digital-reference labels, not a confirmed installed mapping.

Illustrative cycle now

Cool · absorb12%

Pair: 1 + 3
Length: 6.0 m
Material reference: LN603-2A · mapping unconfirmed

Marked span: 6000 mm
Pressure tube: 60.330 mm OD / 42.850 mm derived ID
Water jacket: 76.100 mm OD / 72.100 mm derived ID
Reference material: LN603-2A (AB5-type)

Reported four-pipe layout plus partner drawing; exact-asset applicability unconfirmed

Select equipment

Hydride pipes

Hydrogen valves and manifold

Pressure gauges

Water valves and headers

Support structure

Close view of four instrumented hydride pipes with pressure gauges, valves and sensor tubing. — Real rig reference · no overlayThe 3D model is checked against this photographed equipment layout.
The four 6 m pipe bodies use the recorded tube and jacket dimensions. Valve, gauge and header positions help explain the visible equipment only; exact installed tags, routes and switching order still require an approved plant drawing.

Animated hydrogen view

Watch hydrogen build inside the four pipes

The brighter, faster H₂ markers and blue-to-amber colour shift illustrate rising relative pressure. They do not represent measured molecule speed or live plant flow.

Pipe 01

Reported pair 1 + 3

12%relative pressure

Cool · absorb

Pipe 02

Reported pair 2 + 4

13%relative pressure

Cool · absorb

Pipe 03

Reported pair 1 + 3

15%relative pressure

Cool · absorb

Pipe 04

Reported pair 2 + 4

16%relative pressure

Cool · absorb

16-second visual replay

Time evolution

Relative pressure through the cycle

Shared cursor · normalised time

Pipe 1

Pipe 2

Pipe 3

Pipe 4

PipeCurrent stepPressure

Pipe 1Cool · absorb12% relative

Pipe 2Cool · absorb13% relative

Pipe 3Cool · absorb15% relative

Pipe 4Cool · absorb16% relative

Teaching view only. Time is normalised and pressure is relative to an illustrative target; no bar values, material kinetics, installed stage order or valve sequence are inferred. The four reported pipes and pairs 1 + 3 / 2 + 4 are shown, but their installed stage mapping remains unconfirmed.

This is a read-only teaching animation. It does not predict facility pressure, connect to plant equipment or change any physical controls.

INTERACTIVE DIGITAL REFERENCETECHNICAL VIEW

Explore the four-pipe engineering reference

Select a pipe and compare the linked pressure and capacity responses from the partner workbook. This detailed view is separate from the illustrative time animation above.

INTERACTIVE DIGITAL REFERENCEPCT DATA LINKED

Explore the four-pipe reference scenario

One selection connects the pipe information, pressure–composition–temperature results and comparison charts.

4pipes

24results

2pairs

Temperature

Process branch

Selected result

Pipe 1 · 20 °C · absorption

Workbook fit

Midpoint pressure9.50barLN603-2A · absorption branch

Usable capacity132.35L/kg20 °C workbook result

Fit quality0.98429Coefficient of determination (R²)

Physical channel6.0mPosition A · pair 1 + 3

Interactive result curves

Pressure and capacity response

Select a point or branch on either chart; both charts and the system map stay synchronised.

Pipe 1 · LN603-2A

Pressure response

Midpoint pressure across the indexed temperatures

bar · workbook

Tap or click any point

Pipe 1 · LN603-2A

Usable capacity response

Workbook capacity across the indexed temperatures

L/kg · workbook

Tap or click any point

Linked result report

Cascade snapshot · 20 °C

absorption branch across all four pipes

24 INDEXED ENTRIES

Data basis and methodology

Hardware basisFour 6 m pipes and the reported 1 + 3 / 2 + 4 operating pairs.

Result basisPartner-supplied PCT fit summary, presented as 24 indexed temperature and branch results.

Reference mappingThe interactive reference links the four pipes to material positions A–D.

Engineering exploration interface. Values retain their source-workbook units and the controls update this reference scenario only.

Use this on your engineering problem

For hydrogen-system researchers and engineering partners. Tell us about your operating pressures, temperature cycle, material data and study objectives.

Pricing: quoted per project. Scope, computing needs, validation checks and support determine the quote. Contact us to agree access and deliverables before work starts.

This is a research and demonstration workflow, not a certified compressor design or operating instruction. Hardware and digital-twin ownership remain as stated above.

Discuss your project →Engineering terms explained

Simulation

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Simulation

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Which tool do I need?

We compress hydrogen with hot and cold water and metal hydrides.

The two compressor visuals

Thermal Processing Steps

Cool and absorb

Store it in the metal

Heat and raise pressure

Release and repeat

Five balances, one connected picture

Gas hydrogen

Hydrogen stored in metal

Flow through the porous bed

Material equilibrium

Conservative bed energy

Fine detail where the physics changes fastest

Rotate the four-pipe assembly in 3D.

Four pipes, valves, gauges and water headers

Watch hydrogen build inside the four pipes

Relative pressure through the cycle

Explore the four-pipe engineering reference

Explore the four-pipe reference scenario

Pipe 1 · 20 °C · absorption

Pressure and capacity response

Pressure response

Usable capacity response

Cascade snapshot · 20 °C

Use this on your engineering problem